The objectives of the project are to

1) characterize how the 11-year solar cycle and its spectral radiance variations affect the interannual-to-decadal variability of the northern hemisphere circulation patterns, principally the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Arctic Oscillation but also other teleconnections in the tropical and Pacific regions, through stratosphere-troposphere and through ocean-atmosphere coupling

2) examine if energetic particle precipitation can also significantly affect the interannual-to-decadal variability of these patterns, and how it interplays with the solar radiance effect

3) determine if centennial-to-millennial variations in solar radiative forcing, and esp. those associated with solar grand minima, significantly affect the variability of these patterns

4) characterize the impact of solar forcing on the interannual-to-decadal predictability of these patterns